Bioinformatics Vol. 19 no. 3 2003
Pages 354-361
© 2003 Oxford University Press
Discovering well-ordered folding patterns in nucleotide sequences
1 Laboratory of Experimental and Computational Biology,
NCI Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute,
NIH, Bldg 469, Room 151, Frederick, MD 21702
2 Advanced Biomedical Computing Center,
SAIC-NCI/FCRDC, P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
Received on May 6, 2002
; revised on July 23, 2002
; accepted on July 26, 2002
Motivation: Growing evidence demonstrates that local well-ordered structures are closely correlated with cis-acting elements in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The prediction of a well-ordered folding sequence (WFS) in genomic sequences is very helpful in the determination of local RNA elements with structure-dependent functions in mRNAs.
Results: In this study, the quality of local WFS is assessed by the energy difference (Ediff) between the free energies of the global minimal structure folded in the segment and its corresponding optimal restrained structure (ORS). The ORS is an optimal structure under the condition in which none of the base-pairs in the global minimal structure is allowed to form. Those WFSs in HIV-1 mRNA, various ferritin mRNAs and genomic sequences containing let-7 RNA gene were searched by a novel method, ed_scan. Our results indicate that the detected WFSs are coincident with known Rev response element in HIV-1 mRNA, iron-responsive elements in ferritin mRNAs and small let-7 RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans, Caenorhabditis briggsae and Drosophila melanogaster genomic sequences. Statistical significance of the WFS is addressed by a quantitative measure Zscre that is a z-score of Ediff and extensive random simulations. We suggest that WFSs with high statistical significance have structural roles involving their sequence information.
Availability: The source code of ed_scan is available via anonymous ftp as ftp://ftp.ncifcrf.gov/pub/users/shuyun/scan/ed_scan.tar.
Contact: shuyun{at}orleans.ncifcrf.gov
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
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