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Bioinformatics Advance Access published online on April 28, 2005

Bioinformatics, doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bti473
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© The Author (2005). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
Received March 14, 2005
Revised April 25, 2005
Accepted April 25, 2005

Article

MatInspector and beyond: promoter analysis based on transcription factor binding sites

K. Cartharius 1*, K. Frech 1, K. Grote 1, B. Klocke 1, M. Haltmeier 1, A. Klingenhoff 1, M. Frisch 1, M. Bayerlein 1, and T. Werner 1

1 Genomatix Software GmbH, Munich, Germany

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
K. Cartharius, E-mail: cartharius{at}genomatix.de


   Abstract

Motivation: Promoter analysis is an essential step on the way to identify regulatory networks. A prerequisite for successful promoter analysis is the prediction of potential transcription factor binding sites with reasonable accuracy. Only with reliable predictions the next steps in promoter analysis can be tackled, e.g. finding phylogenetically conserved patterns or identifying higher order combinations of sites in promoters of co-regulated genes.

Results: We present a new version of the program MatInspector that identifies transcription factor binding sites in nucleotide sequences using a large library of weight matrices. By introducing a matrix family concept, optimized thresholds, and comparative analysis the enhanced program produces concise results avoiding redundant and false-positive matches. We describe a number of programs based on MatInspector allowing in-depth promoter analysis (DiAlignTF, FrameWorker) and targeted design of regulatory sequences (SequenceShaper).

Availability: MatInspector and the other programs described here can be used online at http://www.genomatix.de/matinspector.html. Access is free after registration within certain limitations (e.g. the number of analysis per month is currently limited to 20 analyses of arbitrary sequences).

Supplementary Information:


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Transcriptome Profiling of Estrogen-Regulated Genes in Human Primary Osteoblasts Reveals an Osteoblast-Specific Regulation of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4 Gene
Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 2008; 22(2): 361 - 379.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
C. Gates Goodyer, Z. Rhani, and H. Zheng
Expression of the Hepatic Specific V1 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid of the Human Growth Hormone Receptor Gene Is Regulated by Hepatic Nuclear Factor (HNF)-4{alpha}2 and HNF-4{alpha}8
Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 2008; 22(2): 485 - 500.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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HypertensionHome page
M. J. Corenblum, V. E. Wise, K. Georgi, B. D. Hammock, P. A. Doris, and M. Fornage
Altered Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Gene Expression and Function and Vascular Disease Risk in the Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat
Hypertension, February 1, 2008; 51(2): 567 - 573.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Brief Funct Genomic ProteomicHome page
F. Cordero, M. Botta, and R. A. Calogero
Microarray data analysis and mining approaches
Brief Funct Genomic Proteomic, January 22, 2008; (2008) elm034v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
W. Feng, J. Huang, J. Zhang, and T. Williams
Identification and Analysis of a Conserved Tcfap2a Intronic Enhancer Element Required for Expression in Facial and Limb Bud Mesenchyme
Mol. Cell. Biol., January 1, 2008; 28(1): 315 - 325.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
R. Soundararajan, J. Wang, D. Melters, and D. Pearce
Differential Activities of Glucocorticoid-induced Leucine Zipper Protein Isoforms
J. Biol. Chem., December 14, 2007; 282(50): 36303 - 36313.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
J. C. Nwachukwu, W. Li, I. Pineda-Torra, H. Y. Huang, R. Ruoff, E. Shapiro, S. S. Taneja, S. K. Logan, and M. J. Garabedian
Transcriptional Regulation of the Androgen Receptor Cofactor Androgen Receptor Trapped Clone-27
Mol. Endocrinol., December 1, 2007; 21(12): 2864 - 2876.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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EndocrinologyHome page
A. Henke, C. Marc Luetjens, M. Simoni, and J. Gromoll
Chorionic Gonadotropin {beta}-Subunit Gene Expression in the Marmoset Pituitary Is Controlled by Steroidogenic Factor 1, Early Growth Response Protein 1, and Pituitary Homeobox Factor 1
Endocrinology, December 1, 2007; 148(12): 6062 - 6072.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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FASEB J.Home page
B. P. Gomez, R. B. Riggins, A. N. Shajahan, U. Klimach, A. Wang, A. C. Crawford, Y. Zhu, A. Zwart, M. Wang, and R. Clarke
Human X-Box binding protein-1 confers both estrogen independence and antiestrogen resistance in breast cancer cell lines
FASEB J, December 1, 2007; 21(14): 4013 - 4027.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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CarcinogenesisHome page
E.L. Crawford, T. Blomquist, D.N. Mullins, Y. Yoon, D.R. Hernandez, M. Al-Bagdhadi, J. Ruiz, J. Hammersley, and J.C. Willey
CEBPG regulates ERCC5/XPG expression in human bronchial epithelial cells and this regulation is modified by E2F1/YY1 interactions
Carcinogenesis, December 1, 2007; 28(12): 2552 - 2559.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Eur J EndocrinolHome page
M Bustamante, X Nogues, L Mellibovsky, L Agueda, S Jurado, E Caceres, J Blanch, R Carreras, A Diez-Perez, D Grinberg, et al.
Polymorphisms in the interleukin-6 receptor gene are associated with bone mineral density and body mass index in Spanish postmenopausal women
Eur. J. Endocrinol., November 1, 2007; 157(5): 677 - 684.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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GeneticsHome page
M. L. Maeder, B. J. Polansky, B. E. Robson, and D. A. Eastman
Phylogenetic Footprinting Analysis in the Upstream Regulatory Regions of the Drosophila Enhancer of split Genes
Genetics, November 1, 2007; 177(3): 1377 - 1394.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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HypertensionHome page
V. T. Todorov, M. Desch, N. Schmitt-Nilson, A. Todorova, and A. Kurtz
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-{gamma} Is Involved in the Control of Renin Gene Expression
Hypertension, November 1, 2007; 50(5): 939 - 944.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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DevelopmentHome page
R. Range, F. Lapraz, M. Quirin, S. Marro, L. Besnardeau, and T. Lepage
Cis-regulatory analysis of nodal and maternal control of dorsal-ventral axis formation by Univin, a TGF-{beta} related to Vg1
Development, October 15, 2007; 134(20): 3649 - 3664.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Virol.Home page
B. Berarducci, M. Sommer, L. Zerboni, J. Rajamani, and A. M. Arvin
Cellular and Viral Factors Regulate the Varicella-Zoster Virus gE Promoter during Viral Replication
J. Virol., October 1, 2007; 81(19): 10258 - 10267.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Pathol.Home page
M. Barrachina, J. Moreno, S. Juves, D. Moreno, M. Olive, and I. Ferrer
Target Genes of Neuron-Restrictive Silencer Factor Are Abnormally Up-Regulated in Human Myotilinopathy
Am. J. Pathol., October 1, 2007; 171(4): 1312 - 1323.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J DAIRY SCIHome page
A. F. Keating, P. Davoren, T. J. Smith, R. P. Ross, and M. T. Cairns
Bovine {kappa}-Casein Gene Promoter Haplotypes with Potential Implications for Milk Protein Expression
J Dairy Sci, September 1, 2007; 90(9): 4092 - 4099.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
A. Kanematsu, A. Ramachandran, and R. M. Adam
GATA-6 mediates human bladder smooth muscle differentiation: involvement of a novel enhancer element in regulating {alpha}-smooth muscle actin gene expression
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, September 1, 2007; 293(3): C1093 - C1102.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
N. Jonckheere, A. Vincent, M. Perrais, M.-P. Ducourouble, A. K.-v. Male, J.-P. Aubert, P. Pigny, K. L. Carraway, J.-N. Freund, I. B. Renes, et al.
The Human Mucin MUC4 Is Transcriptionally Regulated by Caudal-related Homeobox, Hepatocyte Nuclear Factors, Forkhead Box A, and GATA Endodermal Transcription Factors in Epithelial Cancer Cells
J. Biol. Chem., August 3, 2007; 282(31): 22638 - 22650.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
D. J. Bolland, A. L. Wood, R. Afshar, K. Featherstone, E. M. Oltz, and A. E. Corcoran
Antisense Intergenic Transcription Precedes Igh D-to-J Recombination and Is Controlled by the Intronic Enhancer E{micro}
Mol. Cell. Biol., August 1, 2007; 27(15): 5523 - 5533.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Med. Genet.Home page
J. Dumont, M. Zureik, D. Cottel, M. Montaye, P. Ducimetiere, P. Amouyel, and T. Brousseau
Association of arginase 1 gene polymorphisms with the risk of myocardial infarction and common carotid intima media thickness
J. Med. Genet., August 1, 2007; 44(8): 526 - 531.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
J.-P. Segain, M. Rolli-Derkinderen, N. Gervois, D. Raingeard de la Bletiere, G. Loirand, and P. Pacaud
Urotensin II is a New Chemotactic Factor for UT Receptor-Expressing Monocytes
J. Immunol., July 15, 2007; 179(2): 901 - 909.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Brief BioinformHome page
N. A. Kolchanov, T. I. Merkulova, E. V. Ignatieva, E. A. Ananko, D. Yu. Oshchepkov, V. G. Levitsky, G. V. Vasiliev, N. V. Klimova, V. M. Merkulov, and T. C. Hodgman
Combined experimental and computational approaches to study the regulatory elements in eukaryotic genes
Brief Bioinform, July 12, 2007; (2007) bbm027v1.
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BioinformaticsHome page
S. Mahony, P. E. Auron, and P. V. Benos
Inferring protein DNA dependencies using motif alignments and mutual information
Bioinformatics, July 1, 2007; 23(13): i297 - i304.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Exp. Biol.Home page
N. Jayasundara, D. W. Towle, D. Weihrauch, and C. Spanings-Pierrot
Gill-specific transcriptional regulation of Na+/K+-ATPase {alpha}-subunit in the euryhaline shore crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus: sequence variants and promoter structure
J. Exp. Biol., June 15, 2007; 210(12): 2070 - 2081.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
M. Severa, M. E. Remoli, E. Giacomini, V. Annibali, V. Gafa, R. Lande, M. Tomai, M. Salvetti, and E. M. Coccia
Sensitization to TLR7 Agonist in IFN-beta-Preactivated Dendritic Cells
J. Immunol., May 15, 2007; 178(10): 6208 - 6216.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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BioinformaticsHome page
L. Li, Y. Liang, and R. L. Bass
GAPWM: a genetic algorithm method for optimizing a position weight matrix
Bioinformatics, May 15, 2007; 23(10): 1188 - 1194.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Physiol. GenomicsHome page
X. Li, B. B. Madison, W. Zacharias, A. Kolterud, D. States, and D. L. Gumucio
Deconvoluting the intestine: molecular evidence for a major role of the mesenchyme in the modulation of signaling cross talk
Physiol Genomics, May 11, 2007; 29(3): 290 - 301.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]



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