Bioinformatics Advance Access published online on May 6, 2005
Bioinformatics, doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bti483
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1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Motivation: DNA microarray technologies make it possible to simultaneously monitor thousands of genes expression levels. A topic of great interest is to study the different expression profiles between microarray samples from cancer patients and normal subjects, by classifying them at gene expression levels. Currently, various clustering methods have been proposed in the literature to classify cancer and normal samples based on microarray data, and they are dominantly data-driven approaches. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach, a model-driven approach, which can reveal the relationship between the global gene expression profile and the subject's health status, and thus is promising in predicting the early development of cancer. Results: In this work, we propose an ensemble dependence model (EDM), aiming at exploring the group dependence relationship of gene clusters. Under the framework of hypothesis-testing, we employ genes' dependence relationship as a feature to model and classify cancer and normal samples. The proposed classification scheme is applied to several real cancer data sets, including cDNA, Affymetrix microarray and proteomic data. It is noted that the proposed method yields very promising performance. We further investigate the eigen-value pattern of the proposed method, and we discovered different patterns between cancer and normal samples. Moreover, the transition between cancer and normal patterns suggests that the eigenvalue pattern of the proposed models may have potential to predict the early stage of cancer development. In addition, we examine the effects of possible model-mismatch on the proposed scheme. Availability: see supplemental website: http://dsplab.eng.umd.edu/~genomics/edm.
Received October 29, 2004
Revised April 5, 2005
Accepted May 1, 2005
Article
Ensemble dependence model for classification and prediction of cancer and normal gene expression data
2 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada
Peng Qiu, E-mail: qiupeng{at}umd.edu
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