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Bioinformatics Advance Access published online on January 17, 2006

Bioinformatics, doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btk047
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© The Author (2006). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received December 9, 2005
Revised December 22, 2005
Accepted January 6, 2006

Article

Combining signals from spotted cDNA microarrays obtained at different scanning intensities

H. P. Piepho 1 *, B. Keller 1, N. Hoecker 2, and F. Hochholdinger 2

1 Bioinformatics Unit, Institute for Crop Production and Grassland Research, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 23, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
2 Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Department of General Genetics, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
H. P. Piepho, E-mail: piepho{at}uni-hohenheim.de


   Abstract

Motivation: The analysis of spotted cDNA microarrays involves scanning of color signals from fluorescent dyes. A common problem is that a given scanning intensity is not usually optimal for all spotted cDNAs. Specifically, some spots may be at the saturation limit, resulting in poor separation of signals from different tissues or conditions. The problem may be addressed by multiple scans with varying scanning intensities. Multiple scanning intensities raise the question of how to combine different signals from the same spot, particularly when measurement error is not negligible.

Results: This paper suggests a nonlinear latent regression model for this purpose. It corrects for biases caused by the saturation limit and efficiently combines data from multiple scans. Combining multiple scans also allows reduction of technical error particularly for cDNA spots with low signal. The procedure is exemplified using cDNA expression data from maize.

Availability: All methods were implemented using standard procedures available in the SAS/STAT module of the SAS System. Programming statements are available from the first author upon request.


Associate Editor: Steen Knudsen
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N. Hoecker, B. Keller, N. Muthreich, D. Chollet, P. Descombes, H.-P. Piepho, and F. Hochholdinger
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